Talks
Spring 2020

Fiat-Shamir via List-Recoverable Codes

Wednesday, Jun. 16, 2021 9:20 am9:50 am PDT

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Zoom

We construct hash functions that, assuming the hardness of LWE, securely realize the Fiat-Shamir transform (in the standard model) for the following rich classes of protocols:

- The parallel repetition of any commit-and-open'' protocol (such as the seminal Goldreich-Micali-Wigderson protocol for 3-coloring), using a natural choice of commitment scheme. Commit-and-open protocols are a ubiquitous paradigm for constructing general purpose public-coin zero knowledge proofs.

- The parallel repetition of any base protocol that (1) satisfies a stronger notion of soundness called round-by-round soundness, and (2) has an efficient procedure, using a suitable trapdoor, for recognizing bad verifier randomness'' that would allow the prover to cheat.

This results in non-interactive variants of all such protocols, and also proves that assuming LWE, the original interactive protocols cannot be zero knowledge. This leverages a connection due to Dwork-Naor-Reingold-Stockmeyer (FOCS '99) and resolves long-standing open questions about protocols such as GMW.

Our results are obtained by establishing a new connection between the Fiat-Shamir transform and list-recoverable codes.  In contrast to the usual focus in coding theory, we focus on a parameter regime in which the input lists are extremely large, but the rate can be small.  We give a (probabilistic) construction based on Parvaresh-Vardy codes (FOCS '05) that suffices for our applications.

This talk is based on joint work with Justin Holmgren and Ron Rothblum.

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